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DSL reference

This page lists every key an App definition takes; the DSL in one App builds one step by step, and the guides linked from each section show the keys at work.

app.ts
import { defineApp } from 'tablewalk/app';
export default defineApp({
id: 'compass',
name: 'Compass CRM',
connection: 'compass',
resources: { opportunity: {} },
views: { opportunities: { kind: 'list', table: 'opportunity', label: 'Opportunities' } },
home: 'opportunities',
nav: ['opportunities'],
ui: { shell: { placement: 'top' } },
});

An App directory holds exactly one app.ts, app.mjs or app.json. The exported definition is plain data: helpers such as defineApp, listView, page and metric return ordinary objects and keep your literals, so a column a helper names is still type-checked. Every place takes a fixed set of keys; an unknown key is refused at load with the nearest spelling (Did you mean "label"?) or where it belongs. The complete types are schema/app.d.ts.

Terminal window
npx tablewalk mydata.sqlite --scaffold-app ./myapp --name "My App"
npx tablewalk check --app ./myapp mydata.sqlite
npx tablewalk mydata.sqlite --app ./myapp

The scaffold writes app.ts, resources.ts, views.ts, dashboard.ts, a record page per main table and per table others point at under pages/, tablewalk-schema.d.ts, tsconfig.json and a README, in the samples’ style: a look, a logo and a grouped top menu; tones, money and units from the catalog; a record with no name of its own named by its parent; a record page with its parent’s card and its current child beside the tabs; and each New form in groups named by what they hold, with its created-on date starting today. Line tables become related lists, not menu entries; migration bookkeeping (Liquibase, Flyway) is left out, a table without a primary key is listed but gets no page, and a read-only connection gets no “Add your first” steps. A --config naming several connections drafts one App with a source per connection. It passes tablewalk check as written; rename and remove what you do not need. It never migrates the database.

Only name and home are required.

Key Says
id The App’s address (/{id}) and account store. Default: a slug of name (Help Desk → /help-desk). Set it before creating accounts.
name What the App is called.
connection One configured connection name. Never a URL. Not beside sources.
sources Named bindings, { lending: { connection: 'loans', default: true } }; at most one is default, and each may name a schema and its resources. See sources.
resources One block per table the App uses. Resources.
views Everything a visitor can open, keyed. Views.
pages Record pages, keyed, or one file per page under pages/. Pages.
features Ordered slices merged at load. Features.
home Where a visitor starts. Home.
nav The menu. Optional. Nav.
auth Sign-in, row scoping and roles. Auth.
ui Chrome, look and formats. UI.
api What other programs may reach, built with expose(). Preview; see the App API.
resources: {
opportunity: {
access: 'write',
display: { amount: money(), stage: tones({ closed_won: 'good', closed_lost: 'bad' }) },
labels: { name: 'Opportunity', 'account_id.name': 'Account' },
form: { show: ['name', 'account_id', 'amount', 'close_date'], defaults: { stage: 'prospecting' } },
actions: [action('Mark won', { set: { stage: 'closed_won' }, when: 'stage = negotiation' })],
},
account: { access: 'read' },
product: {},
},

Every table a view, dashboard or page reads needs a block; {} is enough: an App serves only its declared resources (what an App serves). A resource’s logical name is bare for the default source and source.name for another; PostgreSQL’s public.opportunity is found as opportunity.

Key Says
physical The physical table id when the name does not find it: 'archive.opportunity'.
access The App’s ceiling: 'read' or 'write'. Once any resource declares one, the others are not written. The connection’s "writable": true still applies.
delete true offers Delete (last in the record’s More menu). Needs access: 'write'.
favorite true stars records into the menu’s Favorites.
settings A one-row settings record opened from the account menu under these words: 'Company profile'.
file The rows are files: { content, name, type?, size?, thumbnail?, maxBytes? } (default 10 MB, at most 25 MB). Preview.
tags Chips under the title: { through, to, tone? }, a link table and the tags table. Preview.
search Text filters asked of a Typesense connection: { connection, fields }. Preview; see services.
transitions { status: 'actions' }: the column changes only through the resource’s actions, checked on the server.
fields A column ceiling for signed-in roles: { read, write? }. Needs access and auth.roles.
hidden Columns no reader is ever served, signed in or not: ['password_hash']. Hidden columns.
references Soft keys followed like foreign keys: { product_sku: { to: 'product', column: 'sku' } }. Declared references.
display How each column’s values dress. Display rules.
types SQLite: a TEXT column of ISO dates read as a date, { due_on: 'date' }. Dates and types.
inputs A column’s form control drawn by an input component.
validation Invariants checked on every write. Validation. Preview.
labels One caption per column or label path, used everywhere. A string or a copy() reference.
recordLabel What names one record. Record names.
form The New form: show, defaults (a value, or 'today', 'now', 'me'), groups (label, description, fields), visibleIf ({ due_on: 'completed = false' }), steps (preview), description, open ('drawer' or 'page') and fields (label, help, placeholder, multiline, where). See forms.
actions What may be done to one record: action(label, { set }) or action(label, { command }). See actions & commands.
page Which page records open through, when two pages share the base.
view Which list view addresses its records, when several list them. Addresses.
address A natural key column used in the address instead of the primary key. Must be NOT NULL and unique.
slug true follows a public record’s id with its name: /forecourt/vehicles/1-2024-toyota-corolla-le.
noun What one record is called: 'issue' or { one: 'person', many: 'people' }. Names New and default labels.
owner Under auth.rows: 'tenant': 'tenant', 'global' or 'platform'.
audit { redact: ['salary'] } or 'values': columns history and audit keep only as “changed”.
import CSV import beside New: true, or { command, match }. Preview; see CSV import.
rollups Numbers about the rows that point at each record. Rollups.
notify Who is told about a write, in their inbox. See notifications.

Every yes/no key takes true or false, and false means what leaving it out means.

display is keyed by column. Helpers: money(currency?, { unit? }), number({ unit? }), percent(), relative(), items(), tones(map). A unit after money is its second argument: money('USD', { unit: '/mo' }) reads “$1,850/mo”, and money(undefined, { unit: '/mo' }) keeps ui.currency.

Key Says
format money, percent, number, relative, items, duration (seconds as “2h 15m”, preview), email, phone, url, masked (a placeholder, not protection).
masked { prefix: 'ENC:' }: only values starting with the prefix draw as a placeholder.
currency ISO 4217 for money; default ui.currency, else USD.
unit Said after a number or money figure: 'mi', 'kg', '/mo'.
tone Value → good, warn, bad, info or neutral; numeric thresholds ('>= 90') and '*' as fallback.
bar, max Draw the value as a bar, against 100 for a percent or against max.
avatar true for initials, or { from, whose, sort? } for a photo from a file resource.
icons Value → an App icon drawn before the word: { rush: 'fire' }.
values Stored value → the word it is said as: { PUB: 'Published' }. tone and icons stay keyed by the stored value.
humanize true says every value values does not name as words: IN_REVIEW reads “In review”.
subtitle Another column said as a muted second line in lists.
component A value component that draws the value.
import { count, money, sum } from 'tablewalk/app';
account: {
rollups: {
open_deals: count('opportunity', { query: 'stage != closed_won and stage != closed_lost' }),
open_pipeline: sum('opportunity', 'amount', { query: 'stage != closed_won and stage != closed_lost' }),
},
display: { open_pipeline: money() },
},

count(from, opts?), sum(from, column, opts?), min(…) and max(…) read the from rows that point at the record; whose names the reference when there are several, and query narrows over from’s own columns. A rollup reads like a column in show, sorts, tabs, conditions, fields, cards, queues, measures and breakdown keys, and through a reference (customer_id.open_deals). A rollup reaches two hops either way: whose: 'task_id.project_id' reads a project’s time entries through its tasks, or one rollup reads another; no more. It is computed in the same statement, under the grants, hidden columns and row policy of every table it walks, and is never written. Regenerate types after adding one. Not on tenant Apps or API sources.

saved_vehicle: { recordLabel: 'vehicle_id.title' },
purchase_order: { recordLabel: 'PO-{id}' },
po_line: { recordLabel: '{product_id.name} × {qty}' },

A column, a label path or a template in braces, computed in SQL so lists, pickers and breadcrumbs sort and search the same name. A reader who may not read a named column sees the key. Without recordLabel, a table with no name column reads as its noun and key: “Purchase order #3”.

Every condition — a list’s query, a tab, a dashboard section’s query, a when — is the query language.

tabs: [
{ label: 'Mine', query: 'owner_id = me' },
{ label: 'Low', query: 'on_hand < product_id.reorder_level' },
{ label: 'Pricey', query: 'product_id.unit_cost > 50' },
],
  • me is the signed-in person, from the verified session: their email beside a text column, or their row beside a reference once auth.me: { table: 'employee', column: 'email' } says where people live. Needs auth; not in tenant Apps, visibleIf, validation if or a page section’s filter.
  • A path walks references: product_id.unit_cost > 50. Lists, tabs, dashboards and a page section’s when take paths; an action’s when reads the record’s own columns.
  • Another column is compared by naming it on the right: a path always, a bare word beside a number, date or flag (shipped_on > promised_on). Beside text a bare word is a value.
validation: [
{ kind: 'compare', field: 'close_date', operator: 'gte', other: 'created_on',
message: 'A deal cannot close before it was created.' },
{ kind: 'compare', field: 'probability', operator: 'eq', value: 100,
if: 'stage = closed_won', message: 'A won deal is at 100% probability.' },
],

A rule is required or compare (eq, ne, lt, lte, gt, gte, against other or value), optionally under if. if and visibleIf compare local columns only (=, !=, <, <=, >, >=, in, is (not) empty, and, or, brackets; at most 16). At most 128 rules per resource.

views holds everything a visitor can open. The key is the view’s address, lowercase letters, digits and hyphens. nav arranges the menu over some of them: a list the menu does not name is still served at its address and offered by ⌘K. Every dashboard and signed-in form must be reachable from nav, home or an embed, or it is refused as an orphan.

kind Helper What it is
list listView(label, table, opts) The rows of one resource.
dashboard dashboard(label, sections, opts) Sections about whole tables.
landing landing(hero, sections, opts) The signed-out front page. See public pages.
form commandForm(label, command, steps, opts) One form over one command; public: true serves it at /{app}/form/{key}. See command forms.
room room(label, component, { reads, params }) A whole view drawn by a custom component. Preview.
views: {
triage: listView('Triage', 'issue', {
query: 'status = backlog or status = ready',
show: ['name', 'status', 'priority', 'assignee_id.name'],
presentation: queue('name', { lines: ['status', 'priority'] }),
filters: ['priority', 'assignee_id'],
open: 'modal',
}),
},
Key Says
table The resource the rows come from.
label Heading and menu word. Default: the resource’s plural noun.
path Its address segment, when not its key.
icon Its menu mark: one of the App icons.
query Standing conditions; tabs refine on top.
show Columns and label paths.
tabs { label, query? }; a tab without a query shows every row.
filters Columns offered as the search box and “+” pickers. [] means none.
filterBar false hides the bar; 'rail' draws counted facets beside the rows (preview).
advancedFilters true offers the raw query editor.
sorts Sort menu choices: { label, sort }, e.g. 'price desc'.
sort The default order, 'created_on desc'. Not beside order.
order A numeric column holding each row’s place; editors drag rows or press Alt+↑/↓.
presentation How rows draw; absent is a grid. Presentations.
empty { title, message?, action?: { label, view } } for a list with no rows.
quickAdd true puts the New form above the rows.
import This list’s CSV import, or false.
favorite true stars the view into Favorites.
totals Numeric columns summed in a footer over every matching row. Grid only.
density 'comfortable' or 'compact'. Grid only.
rowActions true adds a ⋯ menu of the record’s actions to each row. Grid only.
editable true or columns: cells edited in place and “Set field…” on a selection. Grid only. See editing in a list.
open 'page' (default), 'peek' or 'modal'.
sizing 'fit' (default) or 'scroll'. Grid only.
actions Queue and board: which resource actions, by label, in order.
realm 'tenant' (default) or 'platform'.
Helper Draws
checklist(primary, checked, { lines? }) A card per row with a checkbox.
queue(primary, { lines?, facts?, badge?, openLabel? }) A keyboard-first selection list; bulk actions apply to the selection.
{ kind: 'board', by, lanes?, order?, swimlanes?, limits?, primary, lines? } Lanes by one column or reference; cards move by drag, Alt+arrows or ⋯. limits are shown, never enforced.
calendar(date, primary, { end?, lines?, badge? }) A month grid; with end, a bar across the days. Agenda on a phone. Preview.
cards(primary, { value?, badge?, lines?, facts?, image?, media? }) A grid of cards; image is a URL column or { from, whose, sort? }; a fact { column: 'owners', label: 'owner' } reads “1 owner”, “3 owners”. Preview.
{ kind: 'split', detail?, limit? } The list beside the selected record.
customList(component, { show }) Rows drawn by a custom component. Preview.

Queues, calendars and cards may name one-hop label paths (employee_id.name) in their lines, facts and badges.

import { dashboard, embed, metric, chart, rows } from 'tablewalk/app';
export const pipeline = dashboard('Pipeline', [
metric('Open pipeline', 'opportunity', { measure: 'sum amount', query: 'stage != closed_won and stage != closed_lost' }),
chart('Bookings', 'opportunity', 'month close_date', { measure: 'sum amount', over: 'close_date' }),
rows('Closing soon', 'opportunity', { query: 'close_date = next 30 days', show: ['name', 'amount', 'close_date'] }),
embed('triage', { width: 'half', limit: 5 }),
], { description: 'Keep the current pipeline in view.', windows: ['last 30 days', 'last 90 days'] });
Dashboard key Says
label, sections Required.
heading, description Words over the sections; either may greet {me.name}.
aside Sections in a column beside the main flow.
table Default table for sections that name none.
windows Periods offered to sections with over. Default last 30 / 90 days / 12 months.
filters Pick-filters narrowing every section with that column.
refresh Seconds between redraws, at least 5.
path, icon, favorite, realm As on a list.
Section Helper Says
Metric metric(title, table, { measure?, query?, compare?, better?, spark?, target?, view? }) One figure; compare: 'previous period' adds a change; view makes the card a link.
Chart chart(title, table, by, { shape?, measure?, target?, height? }) shape: line (default), bar, donut, stacked (preview).
Breakdown breakdown(title, table, by, { measure?, limit? }) Groups as bars: a vocabulary’s in its order, anything else biggest first.
Matrix matrix(title, table, 'stage, month close_date', opts) Two keys as rows and columns.
Rows rows(title, table, { show, sort?, limit? }) Matching rows; in the aside, at most three columns as a list.
Board board(title, table, by, { lanes?, primary?, lines? }) Lanes, always full width.
Note note(text, { title?, icon?, action? }) Plain-text guidance with one link.
First run firstRun(title, steps) A welcome with next steps until the tables have rows.
Activity activity(title, { resource: { icon } }, { limit? }) Recent changes across resources, from their history.
Embed embed(view, { title?, tab?, limit?, interactive? }) A list view; interactive: true brings its search, filters and bulk actions.
Custom custom(title, component, { rows, props }) A custom component. Preview.

Every table section also takes query, over (the date column the window narrows), windows (its own period picker, addressed ?period.<section-title>=), icon, title and width (full, two-thirds, half, third). See dashboards.

import { page, summary, related } from 'tablewalk/app';
pages: {
opportunity: page('Opportunity', 'opportunity', [
summary(['name', 'stage', 'amount']),
related('Tasks', 'task', 'opportunity_id', { show: ['subject', 'status', 'due_on'] }),
]),
},

A page takes base (its resource), sections, and optionally label, path, onlyOn (one connection), listTabs and realm. page('issue', [...]) leaves the label to the noun. The key is lowercase letters, digits, hyphens and underscores; pages/<key>.json files are discovered too.

Section Helper Says
Fields fields(show, opts), summary(show) presentation: summary, accordion, headline, facts, table, properties, card; workflow: workflow(field, steps, { ordered }).
Related list related(title, from, whose, opts) Rows pointing at the record: show, query, sort, limit, create, empty (or false), totals, same, about, presentation: 'gallery' or cards.
Similar similar(title, from, { same, near? }) Rows like this one: near: { price: 0.25 } is ±25%.
Metric, breakdown, chart metric(…, { whose }) etc. The dashboard helpers, narrowed to rows whose whose is this record.
Timeline timeline(title, [stream(from, whose, at, show)]) Dated rows from up to four tables, merged.
History history() The record’s own changes. See history.
Note note(text, opts) Guidance on the record.
Embed embed(view, { whose }) A list view narrowed to this record.
Custom custom(title, component, { record, rows, props }) A custom component. Preview.

Every section takes title, region ('aside' for the side panel), tab (sections sharing a tab share a panel; preview), width, hidden and when ('status = converted'). See compose a record page.

Every record, list, dashboard and form has one canonical address. tablewalk check --app <dir> --routes prints them all.

What Address
A list /compass/leads
…with a tab, search, filter, sort /compass/leads?tab=working&search=stone&source=referral&sort=-created_on
A record /compass/leads/127
A record’s tab /compass/accounts/13/opportunities
The New form /compass/leads/new
A dashboard and its window /compass/sales-dashboard?period=last-30-days
A section’s own window /depot/operations?period.lines-moved-by-day=last-30-days
A dashboard’s pick /compass/sales-dashboard?owner_id=12
A room and its place /depot/pick-walk?list=12&line=3 (the params its room() declares)
A natural key /thread/label/bug
A public slug /forecourt/vehicles/1-2024-toyota-corolla-le
A composite key /compass/opportunities/12/opportunity_line/3
  • A record is addressed through the list view that shows its table: the resource’s view, else the first plain list over it in menu order. Back and the breadcrumbs still retrace the walk that reached it.
  • A split keeps its pick under its own key: /thread/inbox/2.
  • A condition no filter can say is written q=.
  • path renames a view or page’s segment. new, api, _components, sign-in, welcome and form are reserved.
  • Older links, including query-language ones, still open and are rewritten.
home: 'tasks',
home: [{ view: 'welcome', signedOut: true }, { view: 'manager-desk', roles: ['manager', 'admin'] }, { view: 'portfolio' }],

Required. A view id, or rules read in order on every request, first match wins: signedOut: true (needs auth, names a public view), roles, and a last rule with neither. A rule whose view the visitor cannot open gives way to the next.

import { navGroup } from 'tablewalk/app';
import type { App } from './tablewalk-schema.d.ts';
export const navigation = [
navGroup('sales', 'Sales', ['sales-dashboard', 'leads', 'opportunities', 'accounts'], { icon: 'chart-line' }),
navGroup('activity', 'Activity', ['tasks', { view: 'activities', label: 'Calls & meetings' }]),
] satisfies NonNullable<App['nav']>;

Optional; without it there is no menu. An entry is a view id, { view, label }, a navGroup(id, label, children, { icon? }) (nesting up to eight deep) or a feature placement { feature: 'id' }. Each list, dashboard, signed-in form or room appears at most once; landings and public forms are refused. Icons are Phosphor names from a curated set (house, tray, kanban, calendar, users, package, receipt, gear and more); a wrong name is refused with the nearest ones.

auth: {
providers: ['email'],
signUp: 'invite',
defaultRole: 'viewer',
roles: {
viewer: { read: true },
manager: { read: true, write: ['opportunity'], commands: ['assignReviewer'], operations: ['readiness'] },
},
},

Present, every request needs a session. See sign-in, roles & data.

Key Says
providers email (default), github, google.
signUp 'invite' (default) or 'open'.
store SQLite file or postgres:// URL for accounts. Default: auth/{id}.db in tablewalk’s config directory.
defaultRole A new account’s role. Default user.
rows 'all' (default), 'policy' (a server row policy) or 'tenant'.
roles Grants within the ceilings; omitted grants deny.
public What signed-out visitors read: { read: ['vehicle'], fields? }. Preview.
tenancy With rows: 'tenant': { label?, profile?, platform? }. Preview.
me { table, column }: the table people are rows of, and its email column.

A role takes read (true or a list), write (within its reads), commands (command ids), actions ({ pay_run: ['Approve payroll'] }: named fixed actions without write; see granting a fixed action), operations ('readiness', 'bundle'), fields and, with a platform realm, realm. An account holding admin manages accounts from the account menu.

ui: {
logo: 'buildings',
shell: { placement: 'side', width: 'wide', sidebar: { density: 'comfortable' } },
theme: { preset: 'canvas' },
editing: { save: 'blur' },
locale: 'en-US', timezone: 'America/New_York', currency: 'USD',
footer: { text: 'Prices exclude tax.', links: [{ label: 'Terms', href: 'https://example.com/terms' }] },
},
Key Says
logo An App icon beside the name (never an image URL).
shell placement ('side' or 'top'), rail, menu, menuSearch, search, breadcrumbs, title, counts, width (full, wide, narrow), headerWidth, gutter, sidebar: { density, footer }.
theme preset (mono default, canvas, iris, ink, sage, signal, tray, or a registered id), palette, and the accent, accentSoft, radius, font tokens. See looks.
customThemes Looks registered with defineTheme.
footer { text?, links? } under every room; links are https:, mailto: or tel:.
editing { save: 'explicit' } (default) or { save: 'blur' }, saving a record field when it loses focus.
export false hides Export.
locale BCP 47 tag for every figure; default the reader’s browser.
timezone Whose “today” date phrases mean.
currency Default for money rules. Default USD.
connect, images Origins custom components may fetch from or load pictures from.
Terminal window
npx tablewalk --config tablewalk.json --app ./myapp --export types > myapp/tablewalk-schema.d.ts
npx tablewalk --config tablewalk.json --app ./myapp --check-app
npx tablewalk check --app ./myapp --config tablewalk.json

satisfies App, with the generated type, checks table, column, connection, view and look names in the editor, and label paths hop by hop for two hops:

views.ts(12,48): error TS2820: Type '"statuz"' is not assignable to type 'LabelPath<Tables, References, "ticket">'. Did you mean '"status"'?

A list kept in its own const needs as const. --check-app runs the runtime validation against the catalog, exits nonzero on problems, warns about literals a column can never hold, and prints one preview: line counting the preview features used (--preview-features lists each, and where). tablewalk check regenerates the types, typechecks and runs --check-app in one command.

Module graph. Split an App into app.ts (identity, sources, auth, ui), resources.ts, views.ts, navigation.ts and pages/. Modules run as trusted server code in a fresh worker (not a sandbox); a broken edit keeps the last good definition. Command handlers stay out of this graph. The worker reads only the environment variables tablewalk.json lists for the App (secrets); --app-entry <file> reads a manifest kept elsewhere, with --app <dir> still the App’s root.

A feature keeps one capability — its resources’ presentation, views, pages, menu fragment and grants — in one module, merged into the App at load.

app.ts
import { defineApp, defineFeature, navGroup } from 'tablewalk/app';
const inventory = defineFeature({
id: 'inventory',
resources: { vehicle: { display: { price: { format: 'money' } } } },
auth: { roles: { clerk: { read: ['vehicle'] } } },
views: {
vehicles: { kind: 'list', table: 'vehicle', show: ['name', 'price'] },
},
nav: ['vehicles'],
});
const desk = defineFeature({
id: 'desk',
views: { desk: { kind: 'dashboard', label: 'Desk', sections: [{ kind: 'view', view: 'vehicles' }] } },
home: [{ view: 'desk' }],
});
export default defineApp({
name: 'Dealership',
resources: { lead: { access: 'write' }, vehicle: { access: 'read' } },
auth: { roles: { clerk: { read: ['lead'], write: ['lead'] } } },
views: { leads: { kind: 'list', table: 'lead' } },
features: [inventory, desk],
home: [{ view: 'leads', roles: ['clerk'] }],
nav: [navGroup('work', 'Work', ['leads', { feature: 'inventory' }, 'desk'])],
});
Feature key Says
id Required, unique: names the feature in refusals, the authority report and { feature } placements.
resources.<t> display, labels, validation, form, actions, page; a ceiling or binding only restated exactly.
views, pages As in the App.
nav A fragment of its own views, placed once by the App’s { feature: 'id' }.
home Rules appended after the App’s.
auth.roles Grants to roles the App declares, by resource name, within its ceilings.

The App keeps name, connection, sources, ui, sign-in and which roles exist. Merge rules: ids are global; identical facts merge and conflicting ones are refused naming both contributors; actions and validation rules concatenate; authority only adds. Put each feature in features/<id>.ts (watched for reload) and type it with defineFeature({ … } satisfies Feature).

Terminal window
npx tablewalk --config tablewalk.json --app ./myapp --check-app --write-authority

writes authority.lock beside the App: every grant, ceiling, deletion opt-in, public read, source binding and component origin, one line each, naming who contributes it:

resource lead access write — the App
role clerk read vehicle — features "inventory"

From then on --check-app fails with the difference whenever the App’s authority changes, the server refuses to start an App that differs from its lock, and a reload that changes authority waits for a restart. Review the diff, then rewrite the lock.